Chemistry
- Home
- Chemistry
| Reaction Type | Temperature | Pressure | Prasol’s Expertise | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lab | Pilot | Commercial | |||
| Aldol Condensation | 200°C | 40 bar | |||
| Addition (Inorganic) | 450°C | 1 bar | |||
| Hydrogenation (Batch/Continuous) | 180°C | 15 bar | |||
| Dehydration | 150°C | 1 bar | |||
| Acid Synthesis (Thio compounds) | 120°C | 1 bar | |||
| Ammonolysis | 25°C | 1 bar | |||
| Chlorination | 22°C | Atm | |||
| Esterification | 100°C | 1 bar | |||
| Oxidation (organic) | 120°C | 8 bar | |||
| Catalytic Cracking (Gas Phase Tubular Reactor) | 500°C | 7 bar | |||
| Substitution | 100°C | 1 bar | |||
Chemistry Reactions and Processes
Aldol Condensation
Aldol condensation is an important organic reaction that forms a β-hydroxy ketone or β-hydroxy aldehyde, followed by dehydration to yield an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. This reaction occurs between aldehydes or ketones containing at least one α-hydrogen in the presence of a base or acid catalyst.
Dehydration
Dehydration is a chemical reaction where a molecule loses a water (H₂O) molecule, often under the influence of heat, catalysts, or acids. It plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, petrochemical processes, and industrial manufacturing.
Acid Synthesis (Thio Compounds)
Thio compounds are sulfur-containing organic molecules where oxygen in functional groups is replaced by sulfur. These compounds are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and industrial solvents.
Ammonolysis
Ammonolysis is a chemical reaction in which ammonia (NH₃) reacts with organic or inorganic compounds, leading to the replacement of functional groups with an amine (-NH₂) or related nitrogen-containing groups. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, and fine chemical synthesis.
Chlorination
Chlorination is a chemical reaction where chlorine (Cl₂) or chlorinating agents introduce chlorine atoms into a molecule. It is widely used in organic synthesis, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and polymer production.
Esterification
Esterification is a chemical reaction where a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) reacts with an alcohol (R’OH) to form an ester (RCOOR’) and water (H₂O). This reaction is widely used in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, polymers, and solvent manufacturing.
Oxidation (Organic)
Oxidation in organic chemistry refers to a reaction where a molecule loses electrons, often increasing the number of oxygen atoms or decreasing hydrogen atoms. It plays a crucial role in industrial synthesis, pharmaceuticals, polymer production, and fine chemicals.
Catalytic Cracking (Gas Phase Tubular Reactor)
Catalytic cracking is a key process in petrochemical and chemical industries, used to break down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable products like gasoline, olefins, and other light hydrocarbons. When conducted in a gas-phase tubular reactor, this process offers high efficiency, controlled reaction conditions, and continuous operation.
Substitution
Substitution is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry where one functional group or atom in a molecule is replaced by another. It plays a crucial role in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymer production, and solvent manufacturing.
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds.
