Chemicals are essential in leather processing to transform raw hides or skins into durable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing leather products. The leather manufacturing process involves several stages, each requiring specific chemicals to achieve the desired properties. Chemicals are used in the preservation of Raw hides by acting as biocides to kill bacteria, algae and other microorganisms. Moreover, they also used in the Tanning process to stabilize collagen fibers to prevent decay and make the leather durable. Solvents are used in the dyeing of the leather. Chemicals are also used in making surfactants that are used in the Fatliquoring process to soften the leather and improve its flexibility, by lubricating collagen fibers to prevent stiffness and cracking. Lastly chemicals are being used in the Finishing process to provide flame retardancy and moisture reduction to improve the durability of the leather.